IC stands for Integrated Circuit, which is a miniaturized version of electronic circuits where components such as transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other functional components are integrated onto a semiconductor chip, typically silicon. Integrated circuits are ubiquitous in modern electronic devices and form the foundation of modern electronic technology.

The main advantages of integrated circuits include small size, light weight, low manufacturing cost, and high reliability. Due to these advantages, they are widely used in various electronic products, including computers, smartphones, household appliances, and medical devices. In addition, ICs can be divided into digital ICs, analog ICs, and mixed signal ICs (ICs that include both digital and analog circuits) based on the complexity of the design.